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Follow me on Twitter too: BrandonMorelli. Bursts of code to power through your day. Web Development articles, tutorials, and news. Sign in. Brandon Morelli Follow. Start Here Take a look at the big picture: Web Developer Roadmap YouTube video outlining what to learn similar to above, but in video format — Watch this if you want to become a web developer My journey to becoming a web developer from scratch without a CS degree and what I learned from it Medium What happens when you type google into your address bar?

What is the Single most useful CS Bookmark you have? What is the single most useful CS Bookmark you have? This is the only paid resource on this document.

I include it because it is worth its weight in gold. Create a note taking app from scratch using React. Build a simple Twitter Bot with Node. Learn Python 15 Free e-books to learn Python. Jeff has also taught Java in university and college continuing education classes. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics and computer science from Brandon University in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, and currently freelances in Java and other software technologies.

RightSuite is an enterprise access-control and commerce solution used by many of the world's largest publishing and media companies. Paul enjoys designing and implementing high- performance, enterprise-class software systems. He is also an active contributor in the open-source community. Paul lives in New York City with his wife, Marina. Their popularity is largely due to their ability to run apps. Although the iPhone and iPad with their growing collection of Objective-C-based apps are the leaders of the pack, Android-based smartphones with their growing collection of Java-based apps are proving to be a strong competitor.

According to tech websites such as The Register www. If you have good ideas, perseverance, and some artistic talent or perhaps know some talented individuals , you are already part of the way toward achieving this goal. Most importantly, you will need to possess a solid understanding of the Java language and foundational application programming interfaces APIs before jumping into Android.

I wrote Learn Java for Android Development to give you a solid Java foundation that you can later extend with knowledge of Android architecture, API, and tool specifics. This book will give you a strong grasp of the Java language and many important APIs that are fundamental to Android apps and other Java applications.

It will also introduce you to key development tools. Learn Java for Android Development is organized into ten chapters and one appendix. Although most of this code is compilable with Java version 6, you will need Java version 7 to compile one of the applications. After receiving a brief introduction to the NetBeans and Eclipse IDEs, you learn about application development in the context of Four of a Kind, a console-based card game.

Chapter 2 starts you on an in-depth journey of the Java language by focusing on language fundamentals such as types, expressions, variables, and statements in the contexts of classes and objects.

Because applications are largely based on classes, it is important to learn how to architect classes correctly, and this chapter shows you how to do so. Specifically, you learn about features related to inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. Chapter 4 introduces you to four categories of advanced language features: nested types, packages, static imports, and exceptions. While discussing nested types, I briefly introduce the concept of a closure and state that closures will appear in Java version 7 which many expect to arrive later this year.

Although I have tried to present an accurate portrayal of version 7—specific language features, it is possible that feature syntax may differ somewhat from what is presented in this book.

Also, I only discuss closures briefly because this feature was still in a state of flux while writing this book. Chapter 5 continues to explore advanced language features by focusing on assertions, annotations, generics, and enums. Although the topic of generics has brought confusion to many developers, I believe that my discussion of this topic will clear up much of the murkiness.

Chapter 6 begins a trend that focuses more on APIs than language features. Android does not support Swing. Note: Over the next few months, I will make available at my javajeff. These chapters will introduce you to more Java APIs such as networking and database APIs that I could not discuss in this book because the book has greatly exceeded its initial page estimate and the good folks at Apress have been gracious enough to let me do so, but there are limits.

Thanks for purchasing my book. I hope you find it a helpful preparation for, and I wish you lots of success in achieving, a satisfying and lucrative career as an Android app developer. Because these apps are based on Java, it makes sense for you to learn about Java before you dive into the world of Android development.

This chapter sets the stage for teaching you the essential Java concepts that you need to understand before you embark on your Android career. After showing you how to install and use the open source NetBeans and Eclipse IDEs so that you can develop these applications faster, I present an application for playing a card game that I call Four of a Kind. This application gives you a significant taste of the Java language, and is the centerpiece of my discussion on developing applications.

What Is Java? Java is a language and a platform originated by Sun Microsystems. This section briefly describes this language and reveals what it means for Java to be a platform. This section also briefly explores each of these editions, along with Android. At that time, James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, and Mike Sheridan all employees of Sun Microsystems were given the task of figuring out the next major trend in computing.

They concluded that one trend would involve the convergence of computing devices and intelligent consumer appliances. Thus was born the Green project. The fruits of Green were Star7, a handheld wireless device featuring a five-inch color LCD screen, a SPARC processor, a sophisticated graphics capability, and a version of Unix; and Oak, a language developed by James Gosling for writing applications to run on Star7, and which he named after an oak tree growing outside of his office window at Sun.

To avoid a conflict with another language of the same name, Dr. Sun Microsystems subsequently evolved the Java language and platform until Oracle acquired Sun in early Java Is a Language Java is a language in which developers express source code program text. Comments let you document source code.

I will briefly introduce Javadoc later in this chapter. You will learn about single-line and multiline comments in Chapter 2. Also, you will learn about reserved words, primitive types, operators, blocks, and statements including labeled break and continue in that chapter. For example, Java does not support pointers variables containing addresses and does not let you overload operators. For example, loops must be controlled by Boolean expressions instead of integer expressions where 0 is false and a nonzero value is true.

Chapter 2 discusses loops and expressions. This loop does not stop when x reaches 10; you have introduced a bug a defect. This problem is less likely to occur in Java because it complains when it sees while x.

This complaint requires you to recheck your expression, and you will then most likely specify while x! Not only is safety improved you cannot specify just x , meaning is also clarified: while x!

The aforementioned and other fundamental language features support classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. Java also provides advanced features related to nested types, packages, static imports, exceptions, assertions, annotations, generics, enums, and more. Subsequent chapters explore all of these language features.

Java Is a Platform Java is a platform for executing programs. In contrast to platforms that consist of physical processors such as an Intel processor and operating systems such as Linux , the Java platform consists of a virtual machine and associated execution environment.

The virtual machine is a software-based processor that presents its own instruction set. The associated execution environment consists of libraries for running programs and interacting with the underlying operating system.

The execution environment includes a huge library of prebuilt classfiles that perform common tasks, such as math operations trigonometry, for example and network communications. This library is commonly referred to as the standard class library. A special Java program known as the Java compiler translates source code into instructions and associated data that are executed by the virtual machine.

These instructions are commonly referred to as bytecode. These files are known as classfiles because they typically store the compiled equivalent of classes, a language feature discussed in Chapter 2. The virtual machine uses a classloader a virtual machine or execution environment component to load the classfile.

The verifier terminates the virtual machine when it finds a problem with the bytecode. Interpretation consists of identifying bytecode instructions and executing equivalent native instructions. JIT compilation is performed only once for a given sequence of bytecode instructions. Because the native instructions execute instead of the associated bytecode instruction sequence, the program executes much faster. When that happens, it asks the classloader to load the classfile and the bytecode verifier to verify the bytecode prior to executing that bytecode.

The platform side of Java promotes portability by providing an abstraction over the underlying platform. Although Java goes to great lengths to enforce portability, it does not always succeed.

Despite being mostly platform independent, certain parts of Java such as the scheduling of threads, discussed in Chapter 7 vary from underlying platform to underlying platform. The platform side of Java also promotes security by providing a secure environment in which code executes.

The goal is to prevent malicious code from corrupting the underlying platform and possibly stealing sensitive information. NOTE: Because many developers are not satisfied with the Java language, but believe that the Java platform is important, they have devised additional languages such as Groovy that run on the Java platform.

Java SE is also used to develop applets, which are programs that run in the context of a web browser. This edition is known as the Android platform. This collective software runs on top of a specially modified Linux kernel. Furthermore, I present the source code typically as code fragments to Java SE—based applications.

However, the public JRE does not make it possible to develop Java programs. For example, JDK 1. It can also install the public JRE in another directory. That way, you will be able to execute JDK tools from any directory in your filesystem. You will discover some of these tools shortly. For example, tools. NOTE: javac is not the Java compiler. You execute JDK tools at the command line, passing command-line arguments to a tool.

Now that you have installed the JDK and know something about its tools, you are ready to explore a small DumpArgs application that outputs its command-line arguments to the standard output device. This mechanism, which consists of Standard Input, Standard Output, and Standard Error, and which originated with the Unix operating system, makes it possible to read text from different sources keyboard or file and write text to different destinations screen or file.

Text is read from the standard input device, which defaults to the keyboard but can be redirected to a file. Text is output to the standard output device, which defaults to the screen but can be redirected to a file. Error message text is output to the standard error device, which defaults to the screen but can be redirected to a file that differs from the standard output file.

Listing 1—1 presents the DumpArgs application source code. Listing 1—1. You will learn about classes and methods in Chapter 2. These strings are stored in String-based array variable args. I discuss method calling, arrays, and variables in Chapter 2. NOTE: Although the array variable is named args, there is nothing special about this name. You could name this variable anything you want. This method call outputs Passed arguments: to the standard output device and then terminates the current line so that subsequent output is sent to a new line immediately below the current line.

I discuss System. NOTE: System. Unlike the println methods, the print methods do not terminate the current line; subsequent output continues on the current line. Each println method terminates a line by outputting a line separator string, which is defined by system property line. I discuss system properties in Chapter 7, line. For example, on Windows platforms, the line separator string is a carriage return character whose integer code is 13 followed by a line feed character whose integer code is The loop executes args.

I discuss for loops in Chapter 2. The System. This method call then outputs this string to standard output. Then compile this source file via the following command line: javac DumpArgs. Run this application via the following command line: java DumpArgs If all goes well, you should see the following line of output on the screen: Passed arguments: For more interesting output, you will need to pass command-line arguments to DumpArgs.

However, you should only switch from System. Congratulations on successfully compiling your first application source file and running the application! Listing 1—2 presents the source code to a second application, which echoes text obtained from the standard input device to the standard output device. Listing 1—2. You will learn about int and integer in Chapter 2.

The loop first calls System. The loop ends when this value equals 13 the integer value of the Enter key. On platforms such as Windows, a subsequent call to System. Whether or not standard input has been redirected, System.

The character is then output via System. The final System. I acknowledge this possibility by appending throws java. IOException to the end of the main method header. I discuss throws in Chapter 4 and java. IOException in Chapter Compile Listing 1—2 via javac EchoText. You will be prompted to enter some text. After you input this text and press Enter, the text will be sent to standard output. For example, consider the following output: Please enter some text and press Enter!

Run this application and you will only see EchoText. See Figure 1—1. However, this practice is not recommended for large projects, which are hard to manage without the help of an integrated development environment IDE. Version 6. Select an appropriate IDE language such as English. Select an appropriate platform such as Linux. Click the Download button underneath the leftmost Java SE column.

After a few moments, the current page is replaced by another page that gives you the opportunity to download an installer file.

I downloaded the approximately 47MB netbeans Start the installer file and follow the instructions. You will need to agree to the NetBeans license, and are given the options of providing anonymous usage data and registering your copy of NetBeans when installation finishes. You should discover a splash screen identifying this IDE, followed by a main window similar to that shown in Figure 1—2. The NetBeans user interface is based on a main window that consists of a menu bar, a toolbar, a workspace area, and a status bar.

The workspace area initially presents a Start Page tab, which provides NetBeans tutorials as well as news and blogs. To help you get comfortable with the NetBeans user interface, I will show you how to create a DumpArgs project containing a single DumpArgs.

You will also learn how to compile and run this application. Complete the following steps to create the DumpArgs project: 1. Select New Project from the File menu. Click the Next button. On the resulting pane, enter DumpArgs in the Project Name text field. You will notice that dumpargs. Main appears in the text field to the right of the Create Main Class check box.

Replace dumpargs. Main with DumpArgs and click Finish. After a few moments, you will see a workspace similar to that shown in Figure 1—3.

After creating the DumpArgs project, you will discover that NetBeans has organized the workspace into four main areas: projects, editor, navigator, and tasks. The projects area helps you manage your projects. It presents a logical view of important project contents. It shows a logical view of important runtime resources such as the servers, databases, and web services that are registered with the IDE. Figure 1—3 reveals a single DumpArgs. You will shortly replace this source code with Listing 1—1.

The skeletal source code reveals single-line and multiline comments discussed in Chapter 2 and Javadoc comments discussed later in this chapter. The navigator area reveals the Navigator tab, which presents a compact view of the currently selected file and simplifies navigation between different parts of the file.

Replace the skeletal DumpArgs. Figure 1—4. To see more output, you must pass command-line arguments to DumpArgs. In the resulting Project Properties dialog box, select Run in the Categories tree and enter Curly Moe Larry in the Arguments text field on the resulting pane. Click the OK button. This time, the Output tab should reveal Curly, Moe, and Larry on separate lines below Passed arguments:.

Eclipse Classic is one distribution of this IDE that is available for download; version 3. Scroll down the page until you see an Eclipse Classic entry. Click one of the platform links such as Linux 32 Bit to the right of this entry. Assuming that you have installed Eclipse Classic, start this application. You should discover a splash screen identifying this IDE and a dialog box that lets you choose the location of a workspace for storing projects, followed by a main window like that shown in Figure 1—5.

The Eclipse user interface is based on a main window that consists of a menu bar, a toolbar, a workbench area, and a status bar.

The workbench area initially presents a Welcome tab with icon links for accessing tutorials and more. To help you get comfortable with the Eclipse user interface, I will show you how to create a DumpArgs project containing a single DumpArgs. Select New from the File menu and Java Project from the resulting pop- up menu. Keep all the other defaults and click the Finish button. Click the rightmost Workbench icon link to go to the workbench.

Eclipse bypasses the Welcome tab and takes you to the workbench the next time you start this IDE. After the final step, you will see a workbench similar to that shown in Figure 1—6.

On the left side of the workbench, you see a tab titled Package Explorer. At the moment, only a single DumpArgs entry appears on this tab. We will now add a new file named DumpArgs. Highlight src and select New from the File menu, and File from the resulting pop-up menu. In the resulting New File dialog box, enter DumpArgs. Eclipse responds by displaying an editor tab titled DumpArgs.

Copy Listing 1—1 into this tab, and then compile and run this application by selecting Run from the Run menu. Figure 1—7 shows the results. Figure 1—7. Accomplish this task from within Eclipse IDE 3. Select Run Configurations from the Run menu.

In the resulting Run Configurations dialog box, select the Arguments tab. Once again, select Run from the Run menu to run the DumpArgs application. Four of a Kind Application development is not an easy task. You could face a lawsuit if malfunctioning software causes financial harm to its users. In this section, I present one technique for developing applications efficiently.

I present this technique in the context of a Java application that lets you play a simple card game called Four of a Kind against the computer. Understanding Four of a Kind Before sitting down at the computer and writing code, we need to fully understand the problem domain that we are trying to model via that code. In this case, the problem domain is Four of a Kind, and we want to understand how this card game works.

Two to four players play Four of a Kind with a standard card deck. The object of the game is to be the first player to put down four cards that have the same rank four aces, for example , which wins the game. The game begins by shuffling the deck and placing it face down. Each player takes a card from the top of the deck. The player then throws away the least helpful card on a discard pile and picks up another card from the top of the deck. If each card has a different rank, the player randomly selects a card to throw away.

If the player has four of a kind, the player puts down these cards face up and wins the game. Modeling Four of a Kind in Pseudocode Now that we understand how Four of a Kind works, we can begin to model this game. We will not model the game in Java source code because we would get bogged down in too many details. Instead, we will use pseudocode for this task. Pseudocode is a compact and informal high-level description of the problem domain. Unlike the previous description of Four of a Kind, the pseudocode equivalent is a step- by-step recipe for solving the problem.

Check out Listing 1—3. Listing 1—3. Four of a Kind pseudocode for two players human and computer 1. Create a deck of cards and shuffle the deck. Create empty discard pile. Have each of the human and computer players take a card from the top of the deck. Designate the player with the highest ranked card as the current player. Return both cards to the bottom of the deck.

The current player deals four cards to each of the two players in alternating fashion, with the first card being dealt to the other player. The current player examines its current cards to see which cards are optimal for achieving four of a kind. The current player throws the least helpful card onto the top of the discard pile.

The current player picks up the deck's top card. If the current player has four of a kind, it puts down its cards and wins the game. Designate the other player as the current player. If the deck has no more cards, empty the discard pile to the deck and shuffle the deck.

Repeat at step 7. This pseudocode performs various tasks, including decision making and repetition. Despite being a more useful guide to understanding how Four of a Kind works, Listing 1—3 is too high level for translation to Java.

Therefore, we must refine this pseudocode to facilitate the translation process. Listing 1—4 presents this refinement. Listing 1—4. Refined Four of a Kind pseudocode for two players human and computer 1. Repeat at step 4 7. End game Repeat at step In addition to being longer than Listing 1—3, Listing 1—4 shows the refined pseudocode becoming more like Java. This process consists of a couple of steps. I will formally introduce classes in Chapter 2. Apart from the computer player which is implemented via game logic , the important components are card, deck, and discard pile.

The book presents each new idea in a logical progression. Larger topics, like recursion and object-oriented programming, are divided into smaller examples and introduced over the course of several chapters.

In this second eBook on Java, Christopher Rose takes readers through some of the more advanced features of the language. Java Succinctly Part 2 explores powerful and practical features of Java, such as multithreading, building GUI applications, and 2-D graphics and game programming.

Then learn techniques for using these mechanisms in coherent projects by building a calculator app and a simple game with the author.

Free access download and read online. Author : Prof. Sham Tickoo. Line 3 public static void main String arg[] This line contains the main method which is treated as the starting point of every Java program.